Accounting for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Accounting for Managers - Essay Example st detailed profit and loss account is given in the annual report, but UK listed companies are required to make annual and half year results announcements as well. The full year results announcement is shorter and covers the same period as the annual report, but it is released earlier. Many companies make quarterly announcements, as companies in the US and many other countries are required to. Unsurprisingly, UK listed companies that also have a US listing are very likely to report quarterly. In a simple case the profit or loss equals the increase or decrease in the companys assets as shown on the balance sheet. This is rarely exactly true and the statement of total recognised gains and losses reconciles the P &L to the changes in equity shown on the balance sheet In accordance with the accrual principle, costs and revenues are matched so that, for example, sales and purchases made on credit during a year, but perhaps not yet paid for, will be included in the PÂ  &Â  L for the year. Most of the detail in the profit and loss account comes from the need to provide detail of costs and, to a lesser extent, revenues. This leads to the general form of a PÂ  &Â  L that looks something like this: As can be seen, the PÂ  &Â  L contains several profit numbers. Each of these gives us different, and useful, information. In addition, the PÂ  &Â  L (perhaps together with other information) usually gives us enough information to calculate several other profit numbers such as EBITDA and EBITA These can give investors a better idea of the underlying business (the justification for doing it). For example, if the company has decided to sell a particular operation and the price has been agreed, shareholders do not really need to worry too much about that operations performance. As well as the valuation ratios, the PÂ  &Â  L provides the numbers for measures of the performance and efficiency of the business, such as margins, ROCE, and some measures of financial stability such as interest

Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reconstruction - Essay Example This is regardless of passing of 13Th, 14Th and 15th amendments intended to grant Blacks more rights besides voting. For instance, Northerners during Lincoln’s regime felt the then incumbent president was extremely slow in effecting significant laws meant to make Blacks enjoy similar privileges like any other citizen. Therefore, they ended up pressuring the president though at his pace he was capable of seeing some plans towards Blacks’ freedom realized. However, Johnson who was his successor proved to be totally against Blacks’ freedom and the entire reconstruction process thus causing confusion besides making it less efficient. Therefore, Dubois was right when he termed efforts exhibited during reconstruction era intended to make Black men Americans citizens were â€Å"splendid failure† because racism, utter segregation and ill-treatment of Blacks continued to be the norm of the day. During then, Blacks unlike other people continued to experience utter i ll treatment from their white counterparts especially in the Southern regions. This was to the extent of not having legal protection against open vandalism subjected on them and eventually no actions put in place to bring those responsible to the book. According to New York Times, Blacks were â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.quietly endeavoring to make arrangements to dispose of their property and emigrate to States where their persons will be secure against unprovoked assault, and where their property will be protected against vandalism† (â€Å"New York Times†). This is because somehow the government of the day contributed to Blacks’ woes especially during Johnson’s era who contrary to Lincoln exhibited little interest in ensuring they were safe. Therefore, Blacks opted to relocate to the regions where they would receive fair treatment as advocated by Northerners. Relocating in this case seemed as an effective solution to their woes because Blacks during then felt u nease to report to the legal authorities any incidences of injustice fearing intimidation and victimization. Hence, theirs was a completely losing battle especially in equaling whites because the government of the day favored only the latter. Reconstruction era despite the then authorities seeming to recognize Blacks’ presence and dignity, it was hard for them to enjoy same privileges as their white counterparts. This is especially during Johnson’s regime, which was extremely opposite of what Lincoln anticipated to implement though being slow to ensure Blacks’ safety. According to Special Field Orders there were â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦400,000 acres along the Georgia and South Carolina coasts abandoned by white planters be confiscated and divided into 40 acre parcels (Mooney, 15).† Conversely, all these plans Johnson revoked them leading to immense loss of homes, crops and land besides making numerous dreams of freed slaves undergo â€Å"unexpected miscarria ge†. This incidence besides others and even hatred towards Blacks acted as sure prove African Americans during reconstruction epoch were not even near to be â€Å"true citizens†. Therefore, they were only in foreign state where the central regime pretended to care about them but in real sense openly exhibited the contrary though using laws to do so. This is evident in Litwack’s sentiments citing, â€Å"

SLP Evolution of the Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP Evolution of the Problem - Essay Example However this cannot happen because the patients require medicines to take care of their ailments and illnesses, and they will keep going to the medics to make sure they remain healed. As far as the stakeholders of Medicare are concerned, the rising costs mean that they need to have more inventories within their ranks, which would mean that the expiry dates of the medicines would be close and hence some of these medicines would be redundant with the passage of time. The implications of this problem are immense as these could lead to shortage of customers within the markets and hence the stakeholders might feel that they have been hard done by. The Medicare stakeholders have a responsibility with regards to their business, and one must understand the same because the prescription drugs are indeed very quintessential. If the Medicare stakeholders find out alternatives, it is for their own good in the long run (Dukes 2001). When it comes to patients, one can realize the gravity of the scenario since they are the ones who would have to purchase inferior medicines at the expense of the ones that are prescribed by the doctors and medics. This is in direct contrast of the philosophy of giving the best possible treatment to the patients and as laid down in the Medicare regimes. The politics of international pricing have hurt the cause of these prescription drugs and the stakeholders are bearing the brunt for the same. There needs to be found a way which can tackle such regimes once and for all within the domains of the patients as well as the stakeholders (Harrison 2004). The major players within the field of medicines and health regimes are bringing in changes which have made the prices of these medicines and especially the prescription drugs out of control. These cost issues should be handled in such a way that attention is paid on the provision of the prescription drugs to the patients and the

Social Work in College Agency Essay Example for Free

Social Work in College Agency Essay From the observations that have been made, it seems the agency is very committed to excellence. This can be deduced by how they ensure that the environment is friendly and comfortable and thus enabling both the staff and the clients to feel at home and be able to work comfortably. One is happy in such an environment and is motivated to come back the next day (http://sme.osha.europa.eu). The peoples morale is high and so the students feel welcome in such an environment and this makes them work even harder thus improving their rate of output. It seems that the practices that the agency uses is to provide incentives to the students to make them come back again. The policies in place take into consideration that the students are disenfranchised in the society and need much more incentive to believe in themselves and be able to change their lives by getting quality education in an environment that is comfortable for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The place is also very clean and this means that the people work in a healthy place. The students are very happy with the cleanliness status of the college. Every student has a right to study in a clean and healthy environment. This is usually denied to the disenfranchised students in most public schools. This college strives to ensure that they provide this to the students. The building used by the agency to provide education is very professional. Inside this building, silence is maintained thus enhancing the possibility of the learning process taking place. The clients range from young ex-gang members to older non-traditional students of around 40-70 years. By ensuring that they are learning in a clean, healthy and quiet environment that is also comfortable and appealing, the agency is protecting their rights and promoting the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From its arrangement, the environment seems to be giving more care to the clients than the staff. This can be deduced from all the effort put into making sure that the place is conducive for learning. The classes are well arranged and the students are happy with how the space has been utilized. The colors used in the classes are also very student friendly and they are happy with the colors chosen for their classrooms. In the whole building people talk in whispers including the staff. This is for the benefit of the students who are reading. It however, oppresses the staff members who may want to talk but can only do so in whispers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The students are provided with food but the staff are supposed to bring their own or buy from outside. On the overall, the school benefits the students and their families most but also the general public.   This is because there is provision of good education to the students who were otherwise considered to be degenerates in the society where public schools failed. The executives also benefit from the environment because it attracts more students who will mean that more money comes to the school. However, by providing education to these people the policy makers benefit because the policies regarding education have been fulfilled. It seems that the executives and the policy makers have most authority while the social work department which is supposed to advocate for the rights of the staff seems to have failed since the staff are considered to be non-entities in the agency. The students’ needs are catered for while the staff members are given no incentives. Their rights are oppressed for the benefit of the students and this shows that the social work department has little or no authority in the agency. The staff members are not adequately represented. This means the social work department in the agency has no power at all to influence the decisions that are made nor the policies and even how they are implemented.      Ã‚   Reference: European Agency for safety and health at 2005 improving poor working conditions. Retrieved on 17th September 2007 from   http://sme.osha.europa-eu/publications/fs2002/2003/en/index-65.htm

The Narrator of One Hundred Years of Solitude Essay -- One Hundred Yea

The Narrator of One Hundred Years of Solitude Who is this narrator of One Hundred Years of Solitude? He or she knows the whole history of the Buendias better than any of them know it. But the narrator is not quite omniscient. For example, the opening sentence (quoted earlier) and Pilar's insight into the "axle" of time are two of the very few places where the narrator claims to be able to read a character's thoughts. Generally, we get to know characters from close observation of what they say and do, and we have to infer what they may be thinking. The narrator's knowledge also fails us in the one great unresolved mystery: Jose Arcadio, elder son of the founder, is murdered in his bed, but no one ever knows by whom. The narrator is also ignorant of who guns down all of the colonel's illegitimate sons and, in fact, seems as surprised as we are when the last survivor from among these sons appears in Macondo and is also shot down. There are two likely candidates for narrator. One is Melquiades, the gypsy magician and wise man...

Buddhism and Hinduism Essay

There is a variety of belief systems practiced throughout the world today. Many of these beliefs have developed massive followings, and as a result, have had a considerable amount of influence on culture in the areas where they are practiced. These religions include Buddhism which is most prominent in East Asia and Hinduism which is most prominent in India although both religions is sometimes seen as a philosophy rather than a religion. These religions are similar to each other but differ in some of their views. First, Buddhism was founded in the fourth or fifth century B. C. n northern India by a man known traditionally as Siddhartha (meaning â€Å"he who has reached the goal†) Gautama, the son of a warrior prince. Some scholars believe that he lived from 563 to 483 B. C. , though his exact life span is uncertain. The origins of Hinduism were somewhere in the Indian subcontinent region, at some point in the Neolithic stone age. The exact time and location are unknown. According to Hindu belief there was no origin; such things have always existed and will always exist infinitely. Second, Buddhists follow the beliefs of Buddha. The Four Noble Truths are one of the central teachings of the Buddhist tradition. The teachings on the four noble truths explain the nature of dukkha, its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four noble truths can be summarized as: The truth of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, and stress), the truth of the origin of dukkha, the truth of the cessation of dukkha, and the truth of the path leading to the cessation of dukkha. Buddhists also believe in Nirvana. Nirvana means â€Å"cessation†, â€Å"extinction† (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (samsara)), and â€Å"extinguished; it is also known as â€Å"Awakening† or â€Å"Enlightenment† in the West. Third, Buddhism has an influence on the culture of the places where it is practiced. Buddha’s teachings influence Buddhists to follow their everyday routine so they can reach nirvana which is also known as a heaven. Also Buddhism drastically reduced the impact and influence of the stone cold caste system and social class structure that use to be apparent before Buddhism in India. Buddhism influenced the Indian art including many sculptures which were made in the image of Buddha. Fourth, Hinduism is not an organized religion and has no single, systematic approach to teaching its belief system. Nor do Hindus have a simple set of rules to ollow. Hinduism is a diverse system of thought with beliefs spanning monotheism, polytheism, panentheism, pantheism, monism, and atheism among others; and its concept of God is complex and depends upon each individual and the tradition and philosophy followed. Similar to Buddhists, Hindus also believe in karma and samsara. Karma can be described as the â€Å"moral law of cause and effect†. Samsara is the repeating cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Fifth, Hinduism has an influence on the culture of the places where it is practiced. Hinduism influenced the Caste System rather than suppressing it like Buddhism did. The Caste System is the social classes of India, and is still accepted by some in India, even though it is now illegal. Hinduism also influences how people eat since many Hindus are vegetarian. In conclusion, Buddhism and Hinduism are similar to each other but differ in some of their views and influence the culture of the areas in which it is practiced. Both religions believe in karma, samsara, and nirvana. Buddhism reduced the caste system in India while Hinduism influenced the caste system to be in place. Both religions are deferent yet they have many similarities.

New competition everywhere Essay

1) Discuss globalization. Identify & define any four major risks that you may perceive during globalization. Identify the challenges that MNC managers face in the 21st century. (1+2+2) 2) Draw the Open System Model for int’l management & briefly discuss the variables for the same. (5) 3) Discuss political risk. Define 7 typical political risk events around the world. Discuss how to asses & manage political risks. (1+2+2) 4) Distinguish between e-business & e-commerce. Discuss technological environment. Discuss the factors affecting the management in the int’l arena. (1+1+3) 1) Discuss CSV. Define human rights & MNC responsibilities. Identify & discuss some code of conducts for CSR. List & define some benefits of CSR in int’l arena. (1+1+1+2) 2) Draw the Moral Philosophy of Cross-cultural Societal Ethics flowchart. Discuss the Relation between ethics & technology. Discuss the characteristics of different types of questionable payments. (1+2+2) 3) Discuss how to manage Subsidiary-Host country interdependence. (5) Ch 03_Role of Culture 1) Define culture. Draw & briefly discuss the diagram for environmental variables that are affecting management functions.(1+4) 2) Discuss societal & organizational cultures. Identify & discuss the Affects of culture on management. (1+4) 3) Identify & discuss the variables that form the subsystems in a society. (5) Ch 04_Communicating across Cultures 1) Draw the communication process diagram & discuss the noise for the same. Define why trust-based relationship is necessary for the success of marketing communication. (2+3) 2) Identify & discuss some cultural variables that influence the perceptions of other nations.